ISOLATION TRANSFORMER

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 An isolation transformer is a type of transformer specifically designed with separate primary and secondary windings to provide galvanic isolation between two circuits, meaning there is no direct electrical connection between the input and the output. This isolation is primarily used to enhance safety, reduce electrical noise and interference, and protect sensitive equipment from power disturbances.

 How It Works and Key FeaturesThe fundamental working principle is electromagnetic induction, just like any other transformer; however, its design is specialized for safety and noise reduction. 

• Galvanic Separation: The primary and secondary windings are physically separated and use high-dielectric-strength insulation material. Power transfer occurs only through the magnetic field, effectively blocking the flow of DC current and preventing ground loops that cause interference.
• Safety: By breaking the direct electrical path to the ground, an isolation transformer minimizes the risk of electric shock for personnel working with the connected equipment or touching exposed live metal parts.
• Noise and Surge Protection: The design helps filter out high-frequency electrical noise (common-mode noise) and voltage spikes or surges present on the main power line, providing a cleaner power supply to sensitive devices. This is often enhanced with a grounded Faraday shield between the windings in "ultra-isolation" models.
• Voltage Ratio: While many are 1:1 ratio (input voltage equals output voltage), they can also be designed to step up or step down the voltage while maintaining isolation

 Key Benefits

• Improved Power Quality: Ensures sensitive equipment receives clean, stable power, which is critical for accuracy in laboratory or medical settings.
• Equipment Protection: Safeguards expensive electronics and machinery from damage caused by power disturbances, potentially extending their lifespan.
• Enhanced Safety: A crucial safety device in high-risk environments like medical facilities and service centers, protecting both users and equipment.
• Harmonic Correction: Can help mitigate harmonic distortion caused by non-linear loads such as computers and other electronic devices.